4Lt8CEPDpgC china.huanqiu.comarticle文化中国行·传世古建丨以前所未有的视角游天坛/e3pmh1nnq/e7tl4e309<article><section data-type="rtext"><p><span data-scene="align-center">在世界文化遗产“北京中轴线”的南端</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">一座古典建筑静静伫立</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">历经600多载岁月洗礼</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">它是中国现存规模最大的皇家祭祀建筑群</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">也是东方建筑独特之美的集大成者</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">它就是北京天坛</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">是故宫3.7倍的占地面积</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">最高规格的建筑形制</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">古人把对天地的敬畏</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">融入每一根梁、每一根柱中</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">雕筑出这座不朽的建筑传奇</span></p><p><i class="pic-con"><img data-alt="" src="//img.huanqiucdn.cn/dp/api/files/imageDir/f5c392c2f98fb3074318c33534d92d7c.gif?imageView2/2/w/1260" /></i></p><p><span data-scene="align-center"><em data-scene="strong">极度震撼</em></span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center"><em data-scene="strong">天坛的面积是故宫的3.7倍</em></span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">作为中国面积最大的皇家祭祀建筑群</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">天坛的占地面积近三百万平方米</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">是故宫的3.7倍</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">在天坛的中轴线上</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">从北往南依次排列着</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">皇乾殿、祈年殿、皇穹宇和圜丘</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">西边建有斋宫</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">圜丘是古代的祭天场所</span></p><p><i class="pic-con"><img data-alt="" src="//img.huanqiucdn.cn/dp/api/files/imageDir/da83a3a9192dee3166a63865958b4e64.gif?imageView2/2/w/1260" /></i></p><p><span data-scene="align-center"><em data-scene="strong">极度舒适</em></span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center"><em data-scene="strong">永远可以相信古人的审美</em></span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">祈年殿是天坛的“代言人”</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">它气势恢宏，造型独特</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">举世无双的三层重檐圆形屋顶</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">尽显和谐与对称之美</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">将祈年殿三层屋顶边线相连</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">鎏金宝顶中线在天空相交</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">夹角近三十度</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">连接最上层屋顶边沿与中线</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">构成近乎九十度的直角</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">呈现完美稳定的三角形构图</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">天坛尽显和谐与对称之美</span></p><p><i class="pic-con"><img data-alt="" src="//img.huanqiucdn.cn/dp/api/files/imageDir/641ac5e5fc508d34bf869d8e50b6f0f1.gif?imageView2/2/w/1260" /></i></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">鎏金宝顶 蓝瓦红柱</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">和玺彩画绚丽夺目</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">檐下斗拱精巧繁复</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">满是中国传统色彩和神韵</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">也寄托着古人</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">对风调雨顺、国泰民安的祈愿</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">以及对天的感恩与敬意</span></p><p><i class="pic-con"><img data-alt="" src="//img.huanqiucdn.cn/dp/api/files/imageDir/e4cb990ac0e67a2f7996c6546b248e55.gif?imageView2/2/w/1260" /></i></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">走进祈年殿内，抬头仰望</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">就能看到中国藻井艺术的天花板</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">层层斗拱托起的圆形藻井位于大殿正中</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">金色龙凤雕饰其中</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">龙头、凤首栩栩如生</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">与之呼应的是地面中心的 “龙凤石”</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">天然纹路勾勒出龙凤图案</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">与藻井上下映衬</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">让自然与雕琢之美在殿内完美融合</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">祈年殿内的穹顶</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">仿佛将世间的万千气象收纳在方寸之间</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">以有限的空间营造出无限之感</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">令人仿佛置身浩瀚无垠的宇宙</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">静静感受着时空的流转</span></p><p><i class="pic-con"><img data-alt="" src="//img.huanqiucdn.cn/dp/api/files/imageDir/51641ef1fb8c2c70edfa28d4056a4c5b.gif?imageView2/2/w/1260" /></i></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">作为最高等级的皇家祭祀建筑</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">祈年殿内四根9米多高</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">直径达1.2米的大柱</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">其体量甚至超越故宫的太和殿</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">在中国古建筑中绝无仅有</span></p><p><i class="pic-con"><img data-alt="" src="//img.huanqiucdn.cn/dp/api/files/imageDir/532ffecd677cfc36ec3bdb8005abdcfe.gif?imageView2/2/w/1260" /></i></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">大柱排列暗藏乾坤</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">殿内中央四根大柱，象征着一年四季</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">其外围有两圈柱子</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">内圈为十二根金柱代表一年十二个月</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">外圈是十二根檐柱对应一天十二个时辰</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">内、外共计二十四根柱子</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">寓意一年二十四个节气</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">再加上中央的四根，总数二十八根</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">恰好对应天上的二十八星宿</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">如此精妙的设计</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">将建筑结构与文化内涵完美融合</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">在中国古建筑中独一无二</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">极度精湛</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">天坛的营造技艺登峰造极</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">祈年殿由三圈大柱</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">以逐渐收缩的形式围合构建</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">柱子间用梁、枋相连</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">除了笔直的大梁</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">由于祈年殿采用独特的圆形结构</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">因此殿内还有弯曲圈梁和弧形额枋</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">直曲搭配，加固了三层环形梁架结构</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">柱、枋之上两百多个斗拱层层叠叠</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">种类多、数量大</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">兼具衔接与装饰作用</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">承托着屋面、蓝色琉璃瓦屋顶等建筑</span></p><p><i class="pic-con"><img data-alt="" src="//img.huanqiucdn.cn/dp/api/files/imageDir/a02ee4c632818c9132790fa72b80af74.gif?imageView2/2/w/1260" /></i></p><p><span data-scene="align-center"><em data-scene="strong">极度浪漫</em></span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center"><em data-scene="strong">在天心石上聆听古人与天对话的浪漫仪式</em></span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">除了祈年殿</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">圜丘也是天坛的“重头戏”</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">它是天坛内真正祭天的场所</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">明清两代有22位皇帝</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">654次祭典都在这里举行</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">三层台基以阳数布局，对应一三五七九</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">它传承5000多年前</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">红山文化圆形祭坛的形制</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">古人将对天的尊崇都写在这些数字里</span></p><p><i class="pic-con"><img data-alt="" src="//img.huanqiucdn.cn/dp/api/files/imageDir/f1abf7e8c10fbc7bfabd0bd15d2bdcb2.gif?imageView2/2/w/1260" /></i></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">天心石是圜丘的神秘所在</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">以天心石为中心</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">呈扇形向外逐圈延展</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">每圈扇形石块为9的倍数</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">一直铺到第9圈</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">从一九到九九</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">用天之极数以喻人心之极尽天意</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">站在天心石上说话会产生明显回音</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">好像在与天地对话</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">屏气静心</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">仿佛可以听到天空传来的神秘声响</span></p><p><i class="pic-con"><img data-alt="" src="//img.huanqiucdn.cn/dp/api/files/imageDir/cfdd40a6b421a94bd4a26e7aee49560b.gif?imageView2/2/w/1260" /></i></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">天坛，凝聚着古人的智慧与心血</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">是历史的见证、文化的传承</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">它的一砖一瓦、一梁一柱</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">都诉说着往昔的故事</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">是历史的回声</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">更为今人奏响满怀希望</span></p><p><span data-scene="align-center">奔向更远方的篇章</span></p><p><i class="pic-con"><img data-alt="" src="//img.huanqiucdn.cn/dp/api/files/imageDir/b9d969a70e7b19c75fb597b6ded1d7a6.jpg?imageView2/2/w/1260" /></i></p></section></article>1742131163998责编：李雨童<a href="https://content-static.cctvnews.cctv.com/snow-book/index.html?item_id=3466747978459413343&channelId=1119&toc_style_id=feeds_default&track_id=5EAF89E2-A0C6-4EDC-800F-6CD34F56BE05_763805995257&share_to=wechat" >CCTV4微信公众号</a>174213116399811[]{"email":"liyutong@huanqiu.com","name":"李雨童"}